A Novel Approach for Permittivity Estimation of Lunar Regolith Using the Lunar Penetrating Radar Onboard Chang’E-4 Rover

Accurate relative permittivity is essential to the further analysis of lunar regolith. The traditional hyperbola fitting method for estimation using penetrating radar generally ignored effect position and geometry antennas. This paper proposed a new approach considering antenna mounting height spacing in more detail. verified by numerical simulations regolith models. Hence calculated latest high-frequency image obtained Yutu-2 rover within first 24 days. simulation results show that underestimated when derived method, especially at shallow depth. has improved accuracy estimated depth 0–3 m, 3–6 6–10 m 35%, 14%, 9%, respectively. thickness Chang’E 4 landing site reappraised be 11.1 which ~8% compared with previous studies.